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A study conducted by Ann Edminster used energy models of a single-family home to analyze how she could achieve the greatest impact [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] on home energy efficiency at the most competitive cost. Ms. Edminster is a an architect and LEED Accredited Professional (AP). To determine how she could get the biggest bang for her buck, Ms. Edminster compared three possible energy efficiency improvements she could make to a home: the installation of high R-value replacement windows, improving overall insulation and installing a solar photovoltaic array. Based on this analysis she concluded that high R-value replacement windows generate the [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] most cost-effective energy savings.
The Model
Ms. Edminster developed models for a suburban, detached, single-family home. She posed the question, "if I have a budget of $15,000 to spend on retrofitting a home to improve energy performance, what gives the biggest bang for the buck?" To answer this question she studied the outcomes attached investments of $15,000 into each of the following areas:
1. Increase overall efficiency: improve attic and under-floor insulation, carefully air-seal the enclosure, and exchange lighting and appliances to models that meet the ENERGY STAR requirements.
2. Replacement windows: replace all existing windows with R-5 windows.
3. Onsite solar power generation: install a 2-kW photovoltaic array on the roof
A 1,900 square-foot home located in the [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] San [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Francisco Bay Area was used [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] as the baseline home. This mild climate was chosen [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] because the benefits [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] of energy [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] efficiency improvements may be less drastic in this location. For example solar panels would produce less energy in a location with fewer hours of sun. Two window baseline scenarios were included, one with single-pane, R-1 windows and the second with double-pane, R-2 windows.
Results
In both baseline scenarios one and two, the R-5 replacement windows yield the highest return on investment in terms of energy savings. In the baseline scenario with R-1 windows, the window replacement yields a 38.4% energy savings, and in the baseline scenario with R-2 windows, the window replacement yields 17.3% energy savings. Increasing overall energy efficiency yielded between 12.4% and 15.8% savings, and solar panel installation generated between 12.1% and 16.2% savings.
Conclusion
Edminster summarizes her key findings saying that, "R-5-and-above windows represent a game-changing [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] entry into the residential replacement window market and into the broader realm of energy efficiency retrofit options. While in the past, window replacement was not typically viewed as offering a good return on investment from an energy perspective (though often attractive for reasons of improved comfort), it should now be considered routinely for [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] home energy retrofit projects."
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